A note on Pie Charts

A note on Pie Charts

A table is nearly always better than a dumb pie chart; the only worse design than a pie chart is several of them […] pie charts should never be used.

Edward Tufte in the Visual Display of Quantitative Information

Stop using pie charts, they are evil!

title of Bernard Marr’s LinkedIn post

I hate pie charts. I mean, really hate them.

Cole Nussbaumer in death to pie charts

Many people have criticized the pie chart. The most important critique is that we, humans, are good in comparing lengths and heights, but angles and areas not so much. The following three charts by Kristin Henry demonstrate the phenomenon. Can you spot how the two pie charts below are different? 

And how about now?

OK, I admit that the order of the categories matters quite a lot in the chart above. But alternatively, you can transform the pie charts into grouped bar charts, that will immediately show the difference: 

In general, pie charts should be avoided when a large number of items is considered. Simple pie charts displaying 2-3 categories or one category as opposed to the others may work just fine, but when displaying more data, it is better to choose a different chart type. Oracle hosted a different example some years back:

Data Visualization - Pie Chart Angles

Fortunately, there is some constructive criticism as well. Cole Nussbaumer of storytellingwithdata.com provides some good alternatives to pie charts and David Robinson of VarianceExplained.org does provides alternative charts specifically in R. Datawrapper.de discusses when pie charts may come in handy and when they should definately not be used. Finally, the below GIF funnily shows the steps in which pie charts can be improved:

Pie charts have been used for jokes before, arguably their only good purpose:

Image result for the only good use of a pie chart
(image from Denovo Group)

On a final note, there do seem to be even worse visualizations of data than pie charts:

Data Visualization - Stacked Donut Chart
This monstrosity is apparently called a stacked donut chart (OpenDataScience.com)

 

 

 

Leave a Reply

Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in:

WordPress.com Logo

You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Log Out /  Change )

Facebook photo

You are commenting using your Facebook account. Log Out /  Change )

Connecting to %s